Get licensed to drive for a living

Minibuses up to 16 passengers. The usual route for care, school, community and airport transfer work.

1. 1

   Pass the D4 medical

   A doctor or approved provider completes form D4 confirming you meet the higher medical standard for large vehicles.

   30 minutes, booked within 1–2 weeks

   • The vocational medical standard is stricter than the car standard. It covers eyesight, blood pressure, diabetes, heart conditions, sleep apnoea, epilepsy and neurological conditions.
   • Your own GP can do it, but many charge more and have long waits. Dedicated D4 medical providers are usually cheaper and can often see you within a week.
   • The eyesight standard is at least 0.8 (6/7.5) in your better eye and at least 0.1 (6/60) in the other, with a horizontal visual field of at least 160 degrees. Glasses or contact lenses are fine.
   • Take the completed D4 with your D2 application. The medical is valid for four months from the date of signing, so do not get it done too early.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   D4 medical examination estimate £50–£150	£80	—	medical

   Where people get stuck

   • Untreated or undeclared sleep apnoea — this is the single most common reason a D4 is refused.
   • Blood pressure consistently at or above 180/100 mmHg.
   • Insulin-treated diabetes requires a separate assessment, though it is no longer an automatic bar.
2. 2

   Apply for provisional category D1 entitlement

   Send form D2 with your completed D4 medical to DVLA to get provisional category D1 on your licence.

   3 weeks with DVLA

   • Form D2 is the application to add vocational entitlement. Form D4 is the medical report. They go to DVLA together, by post — there is no online route for a first vocational application.
   • There is no DVLA fee to add provisional lorry or bus entitlement if you already hold a full Great Britain car licence.
   • Turnaround is usually about three weeks. You cannot legally start on-road training until the provisional entitlement is on your record.
   • You can check it has landed using the "view your driving licence" service on gov.uk rather than waiting for the plastic to arrive.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   D2 provisional vocational entitlement	£0	—	regulator

   Where people get stuck

   • Posting D2 without D4, or with an unsigned D4 — DVLA returns the whole application.
   • Points or a pending court date can delay or block the grant.
3. 3

   Driver CPC part 1 — theory

   Two separately booked tests: multiple choice and hazard perception. You can sit both on the same day.

   Half a day, bookable within 1–3 weeks

   Pass mark: Part 1a: 85/100 · Part 1b: 67/100

   • Part 1a is 100 multiple-choice questions in 1 hour 55 minutes. The pass mark is 85 out of 100.
   • Part 1b is hazard perception: 19 clips containing 20 developing hazards. The pass mark is 67 out of 100.
   • They are booked and paid for separately even though most people sit them back to back. Book both at once or you will end up making two trips.
   • Book only through gov.uk. Third-party booking sites charge a markup for a service that is free to arrange yourself.
   • Your theory pass is valid for two years. Every practical part must be completed inside that window or you start again.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   Part 1a — multiple choice	£26	—	regulator
   Part 1b — hazard perception	£11	—	regulator

   Where people get stuck

   • Booking part 1a but forgetting part 1b, then having to return on another day.
   • Treating hazard perception as intuitive. It scores a five-second window and punishes clicking rhythmically.
4. 4

   Driver CPC part 2 — case studies

   A computer-based test of seven real-world scenarios covering safety, regulation and problem solving.

   1 hour 15 minutes

   Pass mark: 40/50

   • You work through seven case studies, answering roughly six to eight questions on each, in 1 hour 15 minutes.
   • The pass mark is 40 out of 50.
   • It is scenario-based rather than recall-based: drivers hours, load security, tachograph rules, incident handling and vulnerable road users.
   • Part 2 can be taken before or after the practical parts, but taking it early is sensible because it shares content with part 1.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   Part 2 — case studies	£23	—	regulator

5. 5

   Take practical training

   Practical training with a DVSA-recognised provider, usually sold as an intensive block that includes the vehicle and test bookings.

   5–10 days intensive, or spread over several weekends

   • Minibus training is the shortest and cheapest vocational course, commonly three to five days.
   • If you only drive a minibus voluntarily and not for hire or reward, you may be able to use a section 19 permit instead of a full D1 with CPC. Check this first — it can save you the entire cost.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   Practical training course estimate £900–£1,800	£1,350	—	provider

   Where people get stuck

   • Headline prices that exclude DVSA test fees, then add them later.
   • Retest costs. Ask what a failed 3b costs you before you book.
6. 6

   Driver CPC part 3 — driving ability

   Split into 3a off-road exercises and 3b on-road driving in a minibus.

   Usually inside a 5–10 day intensive course

   Pass mark: Maximum 15 driving faults · no serious or dangerous faults

   • Part 3a covers the off-road exercises: the reversing manoeuvre, and for trailer categories the coupling and uncoupling procedure. Since November 2021 an approved training provider can conduct 3a, not just a DVSA examiner.
   • Part 3b is the on-road driving test with a DVSA examiner and lasts about an hour.
   • 3b includes roughly ten minutes of independent driving, vehicle safety questions, and driving on a mix of roads chosen by the examiner.
   • You must pass 3a before you can take 3b.
   • You are allowed up to 15 driving faults. One serious or dangerous fault fails the test.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   Part 3a — off-road exercises	£40	—	regulator
   Part 3b — on-road driving	£115	£141	regulator

   Where people get stuck

   • Test availability. In some regions the 3b queue is the longest single delay in the whole process.
   • Losing the two-year theory window while waiting for a 3b slot.
7. 7

   Driver CPC part 4 — practical demonstration

   A vehicle-side test where you demonstrate load security, safety checks and emergency procedure.

   30 minutes

   Pass mark: 80/100 overall, minimum 15/20 in each of the five topics

   • Five topics are assessed: loading the vehicle within safe limits, preventing trafficking of illegal immigrants, assessing emergency situations, reducing physical risk to yourself and others, and carrying out a walk-round safety check.
   • Each topic is scored out of 20. You need at least 15 in each topic and 80 out of 100 overall.
   • It lasts around 30 minutes and is practical rather than written — you handle the vehicle and equipment.
   • Pass all four parts and DVSA issues your Driver Qualification Card. You must carry it whenever you drive professionally.

   Fees at this step

   Item	Standard	Premium slot	Paid to
   Part 4 — practical demonstration	£55	£63	regulator

Totals come from the same figures as the routes. Change anything and the number changes with it.